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Message of the day: 31st January 2015
The brain naturally distorts our own body image
We think that we have perfect knowledge of the size, shape and position of our own body parts but scientific results show that this is far from being the case. According to research at University College London, the brain appears to use a highly distorted model of the hand in which our fingers are perceived to be shorter and wider than they actually are.
In a study led by Dr. Matthew Longo, participants put their left hands under a board and were asked to judge the location of different landmarks of their covered hand (such as kunckles and fingertips) by pointing to where they perceived each of them to be. A camera situated above the experiment recorded where the participants pointed. The researchers reconstructed the brain’s model of the hand by putting together the locations of all the landmarks, and revealed its striking distortions. Participants estimated that their hands about two-thirds wider and about one-third shorter than actual measurements.
The researchers suspect that the brain maintains different models of our own body. These models may help in forming either a visual image of our body or in sensing the position of our body parts with eyes closed, as in the above study. For example, participants in this study were very accurate in picking out photos of their own hand from a set of photos with various distortions of hand shape. This suggests that they had an accurate visual image of their own body, but the brain’s model of the hand underlying position sense was highly distorted.
Such distortions of our sensory perception occur naturally and are generally shared by most people. They result from the way our brain receives and organizes the multitude of stimulation from different parts of the body and the outside world. Many perceptual distortions reflect the brain’s strategies to achieve efficient perception and flexible behaviour.
Importantly, these findings may be relevant to psychiatric conditions involving body image, such as in eating disorders. In some people, a distortion in one of the brain’s models of the body could come to dominate, leading them to truly believe that they are grossly fat, even when they are dangerously underweight.
Source:
Longo, M. R., & Haggard, P. (2010). An implicit body representation underlying human position sense. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 107, 11727-11732.