The negative consequences of body dissatisfaction are well known and have been the focus of numerous studies. But what do we know about the risk factors that might help us predict increased body dissatisfaction? A study investigated this in a sample of boys and girls of different cultural backgrounds, in two time points: early and middle adolescence, and after five years (i.e. transition from early- to middle adolescence and from middle- to late adolescence). For both sexes, it was found that Body Mass Index (BMI) was a strong predictor of body dissatisfaction in both developmental phases and that peer environment factors (e.g. a friend being on a diet) predicted body dissatisfaction only from early to middle adolescence. Interestingly, self-esteem was found to be a prospective risk factor only for girls, whereas depression during middle adolescence was a risk factor only for boys. Finally, being African American, or from a higher socio-economic status were found to be protective factors in all developmental phases.

These findings highlight the need for interventions that target children before middle adolescence, and that are tailored to meet the needs of the different developmental stages and socio-cultural backgrounds.

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For information see: Paxton, S.J., Eisenberg, M.E., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2006). Prospective predictors of body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls and boys: a five-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 888-899.